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[资源]
Optical Fiber Sensors 第二版
前言
In recent years, fiber optic sensors have developed from the laboratory
research and development stage to practical applications. The market for
fiber optic sensor technology may be divided into two broad categories
of sensors: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic sensors are used in medicine,
defense, and aerospace applications, and they can be used to measure temperature,
pressure, humidity, acceleration, and strain. Extrinsic sensors are
used in telecommunications to monitor the status and performance of the
optical fibers within a network.
The purpose of this updated book is to provide a tutorial overview on fiber
optic sensor principles and applications. In particular, the updated and new
chapters reflect both the recent advances in fiber optic sensor technology
itself (such as the application of photonic crystal fibers to fiber optic gyroscopes
and fiber optic grating inscription by femtosecond laser illumination)
and new application opportunities that have great potential (e.g., fiber optic
sensors provide for medical treatment that is minimally invasive).
This text covers a wide range of topics in fiber optic sensors, although it is
by no means complete. All chapters are written by experts in the field. Nine
chapters were included in the previous version of the book, but have been
updated. Chapter 5 and Chapter 11 are newly added chapters. Chapter 5
(harsh environment fiber optic grating sensors inscribed by femtosecond
laser illumination) introduces state-of-the-art fiber optic grating sensor technology
and Chapter 11 (fiber optic chemical/biological sensors) reviews the
recent advances in this fast growing application sector.
Chapter 1 gives an overview of fiber optic sensors that includes the basic
concepts, historical development, and some of the classic applications. This
overview provides the essential background material needed to facilitate the
objectives of later chapters.
Chapter 2 deals with fiber optic sensors based on Fabry–Perot interferometers.
The major merits of this type of sensor include high sensitivity, compact
size, and no need for fiber couplers. The high sensitivity and multiplexing
capabilities of this type of fiber optic sensor make it particularly well suited
for smart structure monitoring applications.
Chapter 3 introduces a polarimetric fiber optic sensor. The polarization
state of light that propagates in an optical fiber can be changed through external
perturbation. By employing polarization-maintaining fiber, the effect of
polarization changes induced by external perturbation can be exploited for
sensing applications. One of the major features of this type of sensor is that
it offers an excellent trade-off between sensitivity and robustness.
Chapter 4 reviews fiber-grating-based fiber optic sensors. Fiber grating
technology (Bragg and long-period gratings) is a very powerful tool for highsensitivity,
quasi-distributed sensing.
xii Preface
Chapter 5 is a newly added chapter (replacing the original Chapter 5 on
distributed fiber optic sensors) that introduces a new type of fiber grating
inscribed by femtosecond laser irradiation. This type of fiber grating sensor
offers the advantage of harsh environment sensing because the gratings are
not erased at high temperatures. Additionally, the fibers do not need to be
doped with Ge as they are when a grating is written using UV. As a result,
these new gratings can be produced as almost any type of fiber (such as photonic
crystal fibers and sapphire fibers), which greatly increases the number
of applications to which they can be applied.
Chapter 6 discusses fiber optic specklegram sensors. A fiber specklegram
is formed by the interference between different modes that propagate
in multimode optical fibers. Since the specklegram is formed by commonmode
interference, it can have a very high sensitivity to some environmental
factors (such as bending) and less sensitivity to others (such as temperature
fluctuations). Thus, it is a very unique type of fiber optic sensor.
Chapter 7 introduces interrogation techniques for fiber optic sensors. This
chapter emphasizes the physical effects in optic fibers when a fiber is subjected
to external perturbations.
Chapter 8 focuses on fiber gyroscope sensors. First, the basic concepts are
introduced. Fiber gyroscope sensors are based on the interference between two
light beams that propagate in opposite directions in a fiber loop. Since a large
number of turns are used, a very high sensitivity can be realized. Second, practical
issues related to fiber optic gyroscopes, such as modulation and winding
techniques, are reviewed. The content of this chapter has been substantially
updated in this new version to include (1) polarization analysis of a fiber optic
gyroscope (FOG) sensor coil and (2) recent advances in winding technology.
Chapter 9 introduces a fiber optic hydrophone system. This chapter deals
with several key issues, such as interferometer configuration, interrogation/
demodulation schemes, multiplexing architecture, polarization fading mitigation,
and system integration. It also includes discussions on related technologies,
such as fiber optic amplifiers, wavelength division multiplexing
components, optical isolators, and circulators.
Chapter 10 discusses the applications of fiber optic sensor technology to
structural health monitoring, including bridges, dams, the electric power
industry, etc.
Chapter 11 is a newly added chapter that provides a review on fiber optic
chemical and biomedical sensors, which represent a fast growing market for
fiber optic sensing technology.
This text will be a useful reference for researchers and technical staffs
engaged in the field of fiber optic sensors. The book can also serve as a viable
text or reference book for engineering students and professors who are interested
in fiber optic sensors.
Stuart (Shizhuo) Yin
Paul Ruffin
Francis T. S. Yu |
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