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《石油实验地质》：深层、常压页岩气主题双语文章推荐
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围绕深层、常压页岩气研究，本期精选发表于《石油实验地质》的5篇双语文章，欢迎阅读！ 精选文章Selected Articles 01 中国石化深层、常压页岩气勘探开发进展与展望 Development progress and outlook of deep and normal pressure shale gas of SINOPEC 【摘要】近十几年以来，随着页岩气勘探开发理论技术水平的提高，我国实现了南方上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组海相页岩气商业化开发，并向深层、复杂构造区和新层系拓展。为进一步推动页岩气高效勘探开发，系统梳理了中国石化页岩气勘探开发新进展，并对国内页岩气发展趋势进行分析。研究结果表明：(1)高质量建成涪陵页岩气国家级示范区，创新形成了海相页岩气立体开发关键技术体系；(2)实现南川东胜、白马区块常压页岩气规模效益开发，构建了背斜型、单斜型、反向逆断层遮挡型、残留向斜型四种页岩气聚散模式，形成精细分区，差异化开发新模式，初步建成常压页岩气开发低成本技术体系；(3)初步落实川东南盆缘深层万亿方规模阵地，创新形成海相深层页岩气“超压富气”模式，初步形成4 000～4 500 m深层页岩气压裂技术体系；(4)相继在元坝、普光侏罗系，红星、普光二叠系、井研—犍为寒武系取得重大突破；(5)未来实现页岩气大突破和大发展离不开勘探开发理论技术的创新攻关，必须坚持勘探开发一体化、地质工程一体化、技术经济一体化，需要充分认识深层、常压、新层系页岩气地质特征的复杂性，还需要政策扶持等。 【Abstract】In the past decade, with the improvement of shale gas exploration and development theory and technology, the commercial development of marine shale gas from Ordovician Wufeng to Silurian Longmaxi formations in southern China has been achieved, and the target of shale gas exploration and development is gradually shifting towards shale gas of deep and complex structural areas and new formations. In order to further promote efficient exploration and development of shale gas, a systematic review was conducted on the recent exploration and deve-lopment progress of SINOPEC shale gas and an analysis was conducted on the development trend of shale gas in China. The research results indicate that: (1) The high-quality Fuling National Shale Gas Demonstration Zone has been built and a key technology system for three-dimensional development of marine shale gas has been innovatively formed. (2) The large-scale and efficient development of normal pressure shale gas in Dongsheng and Baima blocks of Nanchuan has been realized, and four shale gas accumulation and dispersion models have been constructed: anticline, monocline, reverse fault blocking, and residual syncline. A fine zoning and differentiated development model and a low-cost technology system for normal pressure shale gas have been preliminarily formed. (3) The deep large-scale fields of trillions of square meters in southeastern Sichuan basin edge have been preliminarily implemented, an “over pressure rich gas” model of marine deep shale gas has been innovatively formed, and a fracturing technology system of deep shale gas in the deep range of 4 000–4 500 m has been preliminarily formed. (4) Major breakthroughs have been made successively in Jurassic of Yuanba and Puguang, Permian of Hongxing and Puguang, and Cambrian of Jingyan and Qianwei. (5) The future breakthrough and development of shale gas cannot be achieved without innovative research on exploration and development theory and technology. The integration of exploration and development, geological engineering, and technology and economy must be adhered to. The complexity of deep, normal-pressured, and geological characteristics of new shale gas formations should be fully understood. In addition, policy support is also required. 02 深层常压页岩气工程技术新进展与发展建议 Progress and development suggestions of deep normal pressure shale gas engineering technology 【摘要】与中浅层页岩气勘探开发相比，深层页岩气埋藏深、构造复杂、压力体系多变，钻井提速难；储层可压性差、体积改造难。如何提高钻完井效率、降低钻完井成本，是实现深层页岩气经济效益开发最大的挑战。为明确当前深层常压页岩气钻完井技术水平和存在的问题，总结分析国内外深层页岩气钻完井工程新进展，指出了当前存在的问题并提出了发展建议。在四川盆地威荣、永川等区块已经实现了深层常压页岩气的经济效益开发，基本形成了以低成本高性能油基钻井液、强化钻井参数、配套大扭矩螺杆和个性化钻头、长水平井精准导向和高效控制、钻井实时监测与智能优化为核心的深层页岩气长水平井高效钻井技术体系，水平段最长长度达4 386 m,最长一趟钻进尺达4 225 m。但与北美地区先进钻井指标相比，国产螺杆寿命、旋转导向工具稳定性和可靠性、超级一趟钻技术与比率、近钻头推靠工具还存在一定差距，需进一步加大核心配套工具和技术研发，进一步提高深层页岩气井的钻井效率。北美地区受经济开发效益限制而较少开发4 200 m以深的深层页岩气，国内已经突破了4 700 m深层页岩气体积压裂技术，形成了以压裂工艺、分段工具、主体材料和监测技术为核心的独立自主的4 700 m以浅深层页岩气压裂技术体系。但在复杂构造区深层和超深层页岩储层中形成复杂裂缝网难度大，还需进一步完善裂缝扩展机理研究，研发降阻性能更好的压裂液体系和175 MPa压裂装备，以尽快突破4 700～6 000 m埋深页岩气井高效压裂瓶颈。 【Abstract】Compared with the exploration and development of medium-shallow shale gas, deep shale gas is deeply buried, with complex structures and variable pressure systems, making it difficult to increase drilling speed. The reservoirs are of poor compressibility and it is difficult to transform the volume. How to improve drilling and completion efficiency and reduce drilling and completion costs is the largest challenge in achieving the economic benefits of deep shale gas development. In order to clarify the current technical level and existing problems of deep normal pressure shale gas drilling and completion, the technical indicators and progress of deep shale gas in drilling and completion engineering at home and abroad are summarized and analyzed in this paper and it points out the existing problems and puts forward suggestions. SINOPEC has realized the economic benefit development of deep normal pressure shale gas in blocks such as Weirong and Yongchuan and has basically formed a high-efficiency drilling technology system for long horizontal wells with low-cost high-performance oil-based drilling fluid, enhanced drilling parameters, high-torque positive displacement motor, personalized drill bit, precise guidance and efficient control of long horizontal wells, real-time drilling monitoring and intelligent optimization technology as the core. The maximum horizontal section length and one-trip footage have been extended to 4 386 m and 4 225 m respectively. However, compared with the advanced records in North America, there is still a certain gap between the life of positive displacement motor, stability and reliability of rotary steering tools, super one-trip drilling technology and ratio, and near-bit push tools. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop the core tools to further improve the drilling efficiency. Due to the limitation of economic development benefits, the development of deep shale gas in North America is less than 4 200 m. In China, we have broken through the 4 700 m deep shale gas fracturing technology and formed an independent 4 700 m deep shale gas fracturing technology system with fracturing technology, segmented tools, main materials, and monitoring technology as the core. However, for deep and ultra-deep shale in complex structural areas, it is difficult to form complex fracture nets. It is extremely necessary to further improve the fracture propagation mechanism, and develop a fracturing fluid system with better drag reduction and 175 MPa fracturing equipment to break through the bottleneck of efficient fracturing technology for 4 700–6 000 m shale gas. 03 测控技术在深层、常压页岩气勘探开发中的应用 Application of measurement and control technology in deep and normal-pressure shale gas exploration and development 【摘要】深层、常压页岩气是中国石化页岩气增储上产的重点领域。面临效益开发的困难，对井筒测控技术提出了提速降本、提产增效的更高要求。为了准确评价页岩气储层，开展了储层微观特征定量表征、孔隙压力系数预测、含气量计算、低阻页岩评价和可压性评价研究，形成了比较成熟的页岩气“双甜点”精细评价技术。为了提高深层优质页岩钻遇率，打造了定测录导一体化工作模式，基于多属性地质建模，测录震多专业融合，形成了复杂构造区水平井地质导向技术。针对不同工区工程地质特征的差异，明确了旋转导向和螺杆+MWD两种提速技术的适用范围，实现分类施策提速提效。为了配合大规模体积压裂，研发应用了多级射孔桥塞联作、等孔径射孔、高温井下微地震监测和“牵引器+DAS光纤”压裂监测等多项技术。研究形成的页岩气“双甜点”精细评价技术、提高储层钻遇率技术、钻井提速和压裂提产配套技术，在深层、常压页岩气领域得到广泛应用，较好地支撑了勘探开发。下一步，需要进一步发挥定测录导一体化优势，不断推进测控技术创新，在新层系/新类型页岩气解释评价、高温测控仪器和工具研制、基础资料录取等方向持续攻关，全力保障深层、常压页岩气高质量勘探与效益开发。 【Abstract】Deep and normal-pressure shale gas is the key field of shale gas exploration and development of SINOPEC. At present, this type of shale gas is faced with difficulties in beneficial development. To increase the productivity of single well and further reduce cost and increase efficiency, higher technical requirements are put forward for wellbore measurement and control technology. To accurately evaluate shale gas reservoirs, quantitative characterization of reservoir micro-characteristics, prediction of pore pressure coefficient, calculation of gas content, evaluation of low-resistivity shale, and compressibility evaluation of shale gas reservoirs have been carried out, forming a relatively mature shale gas “double sweet spots” fine evaluation technology. To improve the drilling rate of deep high-quality shale, a working model integrating directional drilling, mud logging, logging and steering is created. Based on multi-attribute geological modeling and well-to-seismic integration, the geosteering technology for horizontal wells in complex structural areas is formed. According to the difference in geological characteristics in different blocks, the application scopes of the two drilling speed improvement technologies, namely rotary steering and screw + MWD, are defined, thus realizing targeted measures for speed improvement. To meet the requirements of large-scale volumetric fracturing, a number of technologies such as multi-stage perforating bridge plug combined operation, equal aperture perforation, high temperature underground microseismic monitoring and “ tractor + DAS fiber” fracturing monitoring have been developed and applied. The shale gas “double sweet spots” fine evaluation technology, the technology for improving reservoir drilling rate, and the technology for increasing drilling speed and fracturing performance have been widely used in deep and normal-pressure shale gas field, which well support the exploration and development of deep and normal-pressure shale gas. Next, SINOPEC will give full play to its advantages in the technology integrating directional drilling, mud logging, logging and steering, continue to promote measurement and control technology innovation, and continue to solve key problems in the interpretation and evaluation technology of new formations/new types of shale gas, the development of high-temperature measurement and control instruments and tools, and the acquisition of basic data, so as to fully guarantee the high-quality exploration and cost-effective development of deep and normal-pressure shale gas. 04 川南威荣气田深层页岩气工程技术进展 Progress in deep shale gas engineering technology in Weirong gas field in southern Sichuan 【摘要】川南威荣气田是国内首个深层页岩气田，具有“一深、一薄、四高”的特点，钻完井、压裂及排采系列工程技术面临钻井周期长、改造体积小、复杂程度低、井筒流动规律复杂等挑战。针对复杂的地质挑战，不断深化地质认识，深度融合气藏地质与工程技术，围绕降本增效，以突破深层页岩气效益关为目标，持续攻关钻采工程工艺。历经三轮探索优化，钻井技术强化提高机械钻速，减少井下复杂情况风险，缩短钻井周期；压裂工艺优化裂缝配置提升复杂裂缝广度，转换思路大排量扩缝高携砂一体化实现了缝控体积的增加和支撑；排采工艺基于气液两相流研究识别井筒流态，形成全生命周期排采工艺决策方法。最终形成了以“精细轨迹控制优快钻井”、“裂缝均衡扩展强支撑压裂”、“全周期有效排采”为核心的工程技术序列，持续推进效益开发进程。所提出的深层页岩气开发工程技术在威荣气田累计新建产能25亿方，为国内外深层页岩气工程技术发展积累了宝贵经验，也为下一步超深层页岩气开发提供了探索方向。 【Abstract】Weirong gas field is the first deep shale gas field in China, with the characteristics of “deep burial depth, thin high-quality reservoirs, high ground stress, high horizontal stress difference, high plasticity and high formation pressure”. The engineering technologies of drilling, completion, fracturing, and drainage face challenges such as long drilling cycles, small renovation volumes, low complexity, and complex wellbore flow laws. In response to complex geological challenges, we continuously enhance geological understanding, deeply integrate gas reservoir geology and engineering technology, and continue to research the drilling and production engineering technology with the goal of reducing costs, increasing efficiency, and breaking through the benefits of deep shale gas. After three rounds of exploration and optimization of drilling technology, we strengthen and improve mechanical drilling speed, reduce downhole complexity, and shorten drilling cycles. The optimization of fracture configuration in fracturing technology has increased the breadth of complex fractures, and the integration of large displacement expansion and high sand carrying has achieved the increase and support of fracture control volume. The drainage process is based on gas-liquid two-phase flow research to identify wellbore flow patterns, forming a decision-making method for the entire lifecycle drainage process. Finally, an engineering technology sequence focusing on “fine trajectory control for optimal and fast drilling”, “balanced expansion of fractures for strong support fracturing”, and “full cycle effective drainage” was formed, continuously promoting the process of benefit development. With the deep shale-gas development engineering technology proposed herein, an accumulated new production capacity of 2.5 billion cubic meters in Weirong gas field has been completed, providing valuable experience for deep shale gas engineering technology at home and abroad, as well as a direction for further exploration and research in ultra-deep shale gas development. 05 深层页岩孔隙结构及游离气传输特征——以四川盆地龙马溪组页岩为例 Pore structure and free gas transport characteristics of deep shale: taking Longmaxi Formation shale in Sichuan Basin as an example 【摘要】深层页岩气是四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气增储上产的重要攻关方向，但与中浅层页岩气在储层特征和渗流特征方面存在差异，一定程度上限制了深层页岩气的勘探开发进展。为了明确深层页岩气的储层孔隙结构特征及页岩游离气传输特征，以川南深层龙马溪组优质页岩为例，开展了页岩储层孔隙结构观察和定量表征实验，并基于体相气体传输机理，探讨了页岩游离气的传输特征、临界条件及动态演化规律。(1)深层页岩储层孔隙形态特征与中浅层差别不大，但中孔的孔隙结构特征更加明显，孔体积占比为62.5%～69.7%；(2)深层页岩游离气传输方式分为过渡流、滑脱流和达西流三类，永川地区页岩游离气划分3种传输方式的临界孔径分别为4.2 nm和420 nm，在此基础上建立了全盆地页岩游离气传输图版；(3)从浅层到深层，页岩游离气不同传输方式对应的临界孔径随之变小，游离气传输方式从以过渡流为主(最高占比达63.0%)转变为以滑脱流为主(最高占比达67.3%)，达西流占比不超过2%；页岩游离气传输能力从浅层到中层随埋深增加快速下降，中深层页岩游离气传输能力随埋深增加基本保持稳定。通过分析和对比深浅层页岩储层孔隙结构特征及游离气传输特征，研究成果可有力支撑深层页岩气乃至浅层页岩气下一步高效勘探开发方案的部署工作。 【Abstract】Deep shale gas is an important research direction for increasing shale gas storage and production in the Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin. However, there are differences in reservoir and seepage characteristics between shallow and medium-buried shale gas, which to some extent limits the progress of exploration and development of deep shale gas. In order to clarify the pore structure characteristics of deep shale gas reservoirs and the transport characteristics of shale free gas, this paper takes the high-quality shale of Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan as an example to carry out experiments on observing and quantitatively characterizing the pore structure of shale reservoirs. In addition, based on the transport mechanism of bulk gas, the transport characteristics, critical conditions, and dynamic evolution laws of shale free gas were explored. The experimental and computational results indicate the following (1) the pore morphology characteristics of deep shale reservoirs are not significantly different from those of shallow and medium-buried shale, but the pore structure characteristics of medium pores are more obvious, with pore volume accounting for 62.5%–69.7%; (2) The transport modes of deep shale free gas are divided into three types: transitional flow, slippage flow, and Darcy flow. The critical pore sizes of the three modes in the Yongchuan area are 4.2 nm and 420 nm, respectively. On this basis, a transport chart for free gas in the entire basin has been established; (3) From shallow to deep shale, the critical pore size corresponding to different transport modes of free gas decreases accordingly. The main transport mode of free gas changes from the transitional flow (up to 63.0%) to the slippage flow (up to 67.3%) and the Darcy flow accounts for no more than 2%. The transport capacity of free gas rapidly decreases from shallow to medium-buried shale, while the transport capacity of medium to deep shale free gas remains basically stable with increasing burial depth. By analyzing and comparing the pore structure characteristics and free gas transport characteristics of deep and shallow shale reservoirs, this study can effectively support the deployment of efficient exploration and development plans for deep shale gas and even shallow shale gas in the next step. 期刊推荐Recommended Journal 《石油实验地质》是一份报道我国油气普查、勘探及开发成果，反映我国石油地质研究水平的学术性、技术性刊物。本刊紧密结合我国石油工业的发展战略，以石油工业上游所涉及的油气勘探的热点、难点问题为重点进行报道和分析，同时重点报道国内外油气实验测试的最新技术和方法。读者对象为国内外石油天然气地质专业的科技工作者及在校学生等。常设有3个栏目：盆地油藏、石油地球化学和方法技术。 联系我们Contact Us 中国知网“中文精品学术期刊外文版数字出版工程”（简称JTP）自2015年启动，已与400余种学术期刊合作出版了5万余篇双语对照论文，积累了丰富的学术翻译/英语加工/学术推广经验。形成了集双语出版、主题电子书出版、双语讲座视频制作、期刊英文内容编校加工、资讯编译、海外推广为一体的全方位服务体系，全面助力期刊提升国际影响力。 |
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