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[资源] ★★★★★★★2014书籍超级帖一〇二表面科学——催化剂与纳米科学第三版海外版

书名 Surface Science
Foundations of Catalysis and Nanoscience 3 th
作者KURT W. KOLASINSKI
Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA
页数 561
出版社John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
HB ISBN: 9781119990369
PB ISBN: 9781119990352
目录Acknowledgements xv
Introduction 1
I.1 Heterogeneous catalysis 2
I.2 Why surfaces? 3
I.3 Where are heterogeneous reactions important? 3
I.3.1 Haber-Bosch process 3
I.3.2 Fischer-Tropsch chemistry 4
I.3.3 Three-way catalyst 4
I.4 Semiconductor processing and nanotechnology 4
I.5 Other areas of relevance 5
I.6 Structure of the book 5
References 7
1 Surface and Adsorbate Structure 9
1.1 Clean surface structure 10
1.1.1 Ideal flat surfaces 10
1.1.2 High index and vicinal planes 13
1.1.3 Faceted surfaces 14
1.1.4 Bimetallic surfaces 14
1.1.5 Oxide and compound semiconductor surfaces 15
1.1.6 The carbon family: Diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes 18
1.1.7 Porous solids 21
1.2 Reconstruction and adsorbate structure 22
1.2.1 Implications of surface heterogeneity for adsorbates 22
1.2.2 Clean surface reconstructions 23
1.2.3 Adsorbate induced reconstructions 24
1.2.4 Islands 27
1.2.5 Chiral surfaces 28
1.3 Band structure of solids 30
1.3.1 Bulk electronic states 30
1.3.2 Metals, semiconductors and insulators 30
1.3.3 Energy levels at metal interfaces 34
1.3.4 Energy levels at metal-semiconductor interfaces 36
1.3.5 Surface electronic states 38
1.3.6 Size effects in nanoscale systems 39
1.4 The vibrations of solids 41
1.4.1 Bulk systems 41
1.4.2 Nanoscale systems 43
viii Contents
1.5 Summary of important concepts 43
1.6 Frontiers and challenges 44
1.7 Further reading 44
1.8 Exercises 44
References 47
2 Experimental Probes and Techniques 51
2.1 Ultrahigh vacuum 51
2.1.1 The need for UHV 51
2.1.2 Attaining UHV 52
2.2 Light and electron sources 53
2.2.1 Types of lasers 54
2.2.2 Atomic lamps 54
2.2.3 Synchrotrons 56
2.2.4 Free electron laser (FEL) 56
2.2.5 Electron guns 57
2.3 Molecular beams 57
2.3.1 Knudsen molecular beams 57
2.3.2 Free Jets 58
2.3.3 Comparison of Knudsen and supersonic beams 60
2.4 Scanning probe techniques 63
2.4.1 Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) 63
2.4.2 Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) 67
2.4.3 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 67
2.4.4 Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) 70
2.5 Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) 73
Advanced Topic: LEED structure determination 77
2.6 Electron spectroscopy 80
2.6.1 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 80
2.6.2 Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) 85
Advanced Topic: Multiphoton photoemission (MPPE) 89
2.6.3 Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) 90
2.6.4 Photoelectron microscopy 94
2.7 Vibrational spectroscopy 95
2.7.1 IR spectroscopy 97
2.7.2 Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) 101
2.8 Second harmonic and sum frequency generation 103
2.9 Other surface analytical techniques 105
2.10 Summary of important concepts 106
2.11 Frontiers and challenges 106
2.12 Further reading 107
2.13 Exercises 107
References 111
3 Chemisorption, Physisorption and Dynamics 115
3.1 Types of interactions 115
3.2 Binding sites and diffusion 116
Contents ix
3.3 Physisorption 120
Advanced Topic: Theoretical Description of Physisorption 120
3.4 Non-dissociative chemisorption 121
3.4.1 Theoretical treatment of chemisorption 121
3.4.2 The Blyholder model of CO chemisorption on a metal 124
3.4.3 Molecular oxygen chemisorption 127
3.4.4 The binding of ethene 128
3.5 Dissociative chemisorption: H2 on a simple metal 129
3.6 What determines the reactivity of metals? 130
3.7 Atoms and molecules incident on a surface 133
3.7.1 Scattering channels 133
3.7.2 Non-activated adsorption 135
3.7.3 Hard cube model 137
3.7.4 Activated adsorption 139
3.7.5 Direct versus precursor mediated adsorption 140
3.8 Microscopic reversibility in Ad/Desorption phenomena 144
3.9 The influence of individual degrees of freedom on adsorption and desorption 148
3.9.1 Energy exchange 148
3.9.2 PES topography and the relative efficacy of energetic components 149
3.10 Translations, corrugation, surface atom motions 150
3.10.1 Effects on adsorption 150
3.10.2 Connecting adsorption and desorption with microscopic reversibility 153
3.10.3 Normal energy scaling 154
3.11 Rotations and adsorption 156
3.11.1 Non-activated adsorption 156
3.11.2 Activated adsorption 157
3.12 Vibrations and adsorption 158
3.13 Competitive adsorption and collision induced processes 158
Advanced Topic: High Energy Collisions 161
3.14 Classification of reaction mechanisms 161
3.14.1 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 162
3.14.2 Eley-Rideal mechanism 164
3.14.3 Hot atom mechanism 164
3.15 Measurement of sticking coefficients 165
3.16 Summary of important concepts 168
3.17 Frontiers and challenges 169
3.18 Further reading 170
3.19 Exercises 170
References 177
4 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Adsorption and Desorption 185
4.1 Thermodynamics of Ad/Desorption 185
4.1.1 Binding energies and activation barriers 185
4.1.2 Thermodynamic quantities 187
4.1.3 Some definitions 187
4.1.4 The heat of adsorption 188
4.2 Adsorption isotherms from thermodynamics 190
x Contents
4.3 Lateral interactions 193
4.4 Rate of desorption 194
4.4.1 First-order desorption 195
4.4.2
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